The former player: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains details of racially offensive language and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that speaking out to reveal racism in rugby union led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I really wanted to continue playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"That was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given significant focus on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on creating inclusive environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the horns and keep carrying this flag and keep carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022